Die Casting’s Blog

Die castings are made from alloy tool steels. They have at least two sections to permit the removal of castings, the fixed die, or cover, half and the ejector die half. Some dies also have parts, such as removable slides and cores, to produce holes, threads and other desired shapes in the casting. Openings in the die allow the addition of coolant and lubricant. Dies are either air- or water-cooled. The cooling of the die provides for quick cycling and is one of the factors in the high rate of production. It also gives a fine grain structure and superior strength and finish to the metal castings. The molds used by die casting manufacturers will perform up to 5 million shots in its lifetime.
 
The services provided by die casting manufacturers have many advantages over other processes. Die casting is efficient and economical, offering a wide range of durable shapes and components. Little or no machining is required after die castings are made because the process provides very close tolerances for even complex part shapes. Metal castings can be easily plated or finished. Die castings are dimensionally stable and heat resistant. These lightweight parts, even while having thin walls, retain the strength of an alloy because they do not consist of separate parts welded together.
 
Die casting manufacturers utilize a number of materials, including zinc, aluminum, magnesium, copper, lead and tin. Zinc is the easiest alloy to cast, has a low melting point and is economical and easily palatable. Zinc also has high impact strength, offers high ductability and promotes long die life. Aluminum alloys possess high dimensional stability for complex shapes and thin walls. Aluminum die casts are of a lightweight alloy that has good corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, high thermal and electrical conductivity and strength at high temperatures. Along with being the easiest alloy to machine, magnesium is also the lightest typically die cast. Magnesium die casting also has excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Copper is one of the hardest alloys and offers the highest mechanical properties of any other alloy that is cast. A dimensionally stable alloy, copper has high corrosion and wear resistance and strength approaching that of steel parts. Lead and tin are used for special forms of corrosion resistance. Although they have high density, parts with extremely close dimensions are able to be formed from lead castings and tin castings.

Although power from the casting there is still a considerable gap between us, but through this exhibition we can see that the foundry industry in China and strengthen the clues and exciting!” Recently held in Shanghai 2008 China International Expo on casting, China Machinery Industry Special Adviser to the Federation, honorary president of China Foundry Association of Deputy Lu Yansun, told reporters he has spoken the perception of the show.
According to reports, at the same time held the 9th China International casting, forging and industrial furnaces exhibitions, the 2008 China International Casting the 11th China International Fair and Exhibition metallurgical industry, nearly 30 countries and regions thousand exhibitors Exhibitors, the area of nearly 60,000 square meters, nearly 10,000 pieces of exhibits, attracted 62 countries and regions in the professional audiences and buyers. China Machinery Industry Federation executive vice president of China Foundry Association, chairman of JIA Cheng-ping said that the current scale of the exhibition, the exhibition record levels since the new record. It reflects the prosperity of China’s foundry market, also demonstrated the continuous progress of China foundry industry of the track.
Progress into the most obvious casting bright spot
According to show excellent casting named head of the Expert Group, China Foundry Association executive vice president and secretary-general Zhang Bo, the fair number of exhibitors of casting products several times more than previous sessions, Shen Ping declare the outstanding casting reached 200 Variety. 15 experts selected from the 56 outstanding items, many of them fill the gaps and reach a world-class level of casting, this session has become the largest exhibition of highlights.
Group share in the limited liability company’s pavilion, the fair’s two largest castings, weighing 43 tons and 37 tons of 1 million kilowatts of supercritical steam turbine pressure in the cylinder, super ductile iron castings to attract a large number of visitors Eyes. Peng, chairman of the company who told reporters that this is their self-made, and have reached the advanced level abroad.
This power station to casting, casting machine, engine castings, compressor castings products of the four major professional casting enterprises, casting this year’s production will reach 45,000 tons, of which 60 per cent of the exports. Mr Fan said that enterprises in the development process to deal with the fierce market competition, it is necessary to absorb the energy, materials, the rising cost pressures, we must develop, produce high value-added products. To that end, sharing always adhere to independent innovation, the annual investment in research and development costs accounted for sales income of 5% to 8%. The enterprise also has been the ultimate return: Many world-renowned machine tool enterprises in the share purchase castings; domestic enterprises in the Three Gorges hydropower generating units to the three turbine blades, have shared, and they cast iron gas turbine, Steel Castings Taoshu the annual delivery of more of the world’s market share of 55 percent to 60 percent. The next step is shared by three to five years to build a world-class R & D center, and further promote enterprises in technological innovation. In strive to casting output, sales revenue reached 1.2 billion to 1.5 billion yuan, while profit margins have remained at double-digit levels.
Deputy Lu Yansun, as reporters arrived in Shanghai honorary chairman of Acer Power Plant Equipment Co., Ltd. Zhuduan the booth, executive vice president of the company went up to Yu Liang Jun, proudly pointing to the front of high-pressure gas turbine Menfa Shell said: “You give us the task completed.” According to reports, in March 2007, Deputy Lu Yansun, during an inspection tour to Hong Gang: China’s 1 million kilowatts Ultra-supercritical steam turbine casting is still the bottleneck, the dependence on imports, not only for the highest bid and Difficult to protect cargo, constraining the development of China’s power station equipment that can be added Wang Gang test. Acer result of using its steel castings developed more than 50 years of experience in power plant, after one year of efforts, finally have been fruitful, and reached a world standard. Yu Liang-jun said that the import substitution, a set of such a large number of domestic savings casting Exchange. And the number of good economic balance, its significance is difficult to measure the number, the first to break the foreign monopoly, and the other is in the process of independent innovation fostered a contingent of technical personnel, this is the most valuable asset. Wang Gang will be the next step based on market demand and further increase production.
In addition to supporting the large-scale power station equipment casting a prominent progress, from the exhibition can also see that in the automotive industry driven by the rapid development of China’s automotive castings also achieved gratifying results. As demonstrated at the FAW Foundry’s next-generation engine block, cylinder head, a high-strength thin wall castings, its thickness only 2.5 ~ 3.0 mm, one-time recognition by Volkswagen, Shanghai Volkswagen supply 210,000 / year . Chongqing Qingling Casting Co., Ltd. demonstrated their common-rail-to medium-sized commercial vehicle engines independently developed the key block castings, cylinder head, to meet the EU Ⅳ, Europe Ⅴ emissions requirements. The company General Manager Wu Ji-Qing to the press, now Qingling annual overseas export market of the engine block, cylinder head castings reach tens of thousands of sets, but also through years of “quality climbing”, the casting of non-performing rate of increase lower than 1500ppm, their goal is to control the following in 500 ppm.
Casting around products, foundry casting equipment and materials business enterprises in the exhibition have also introduced the latest achievements. As many world-renowned casting equipment vendors not only display the advanced equipment, but also to provide users with the relevant software used in the system batteries, casting, casting processes, such as cleaning up the industrial robot in the show is also popular concern. One industry expert told reporters that the huge China market to attract, the number of foreign exhibitors casting equipment enterprises have been set up and build factories in China.
Casting has 39 production of domestic and foreign manufacturers on display a variety of Sand, sand core binder, the original sand, paint and liquid metal filter, various ferroalloy, riser material, Shotblast materials, the exhibition area of 1620m2, the Jinan-quan Group Co., Ltd. of which the size of the booth, product exhibitions as many as the most堪称the fair, showing the casting material production enterprises in China’s strength.
According to professor of Qinghua University, China Foundry Association and vice president of Tien-Yu Huang, the Jinan-quan is the world’s largest supplier of casting material. At present, the company’s products occupy casting material of similar products of domestic market share of more than one-third and exported to Europe, America, Southeast Asia, more than 50 countries and regions, which Furan Resin annual sales of nearly 100,000 tons, ranking first in the world 1.
Energy-saving emission reduction targets of the new foundry industry
The show left the deepest impression is that reporters, come to every booth, every interviewer will be referred to the “energy-saving emission reduction,” “green cast” of the topic. China Foundry Association, chairman of JIA Cheng-ping pointed out that casting equipment manufacturing industry is the basis of industry, revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry is an important guarantee for one, but also heavy pollution, high energy consumption of one of the industries. How to promote energy-saving industry-wide emission reduction and building a resource-saving, environment-friendly enterprises casting before us is important and urgent issue.
Grace Steel Power Plant Equipment Co., Ltd. Zhuduan the panels on Yinzhao enterprises large picture factory environment, tree-yin, beautiful and clean, completely changed the people of the traditional casting enterprises Zangluan Chai impression.
Yu Liang-jun told reporters that three years ago, the Acer steel or black smoke everywhere, You Zangyou chaos of a traditional casting business outlook. After rectification of Today, Acer has become a garden-like steel enterprises. Environmental protection equipment investment in fixed assets of enterprises accounted for 30 percent more than a year of environmental protection equipment maintenance costs are around 1.5 million. Smoke all the recovery, the noise dropped to below national standards, also part of sludge recycling. Enterprises not only through the ISO9000, ISO14000, also received ohsas18000 occupational health and safety certification. Enterprises in the energy-saving emission reduction on the achievements of the United Nations also attract industrial organizations and Brazil, India and other overseas counterparts to have visited. Yu Liang Jun clearly remember one engage in a cast of 60 Japanese enterprises to visit the elderly, sheds tears, he sighed with emotion casting enterprises can have such beautiful and clean environment. Yu Liang Jun proud to say that we factory environment is a world-class. This has also allowed the staff enhanced self-confidence, improve their quality. Clean and beautiful environment have become the best advertising business, orders to pour.
In addition to the production process of environmental protection, energy saving technology is more and more attention to the area of renewable energy has become a hot investment casting enterprises.
Jiangyin Jixin Machinery Co., Ltd. has set its sight on the beginning of construction of wind power castings, from the 2005 production with an annual output of 10,000 tons, to 2006’s 20,000 tons in 2007, the 40,000 tons this year will reach 100,000 Tons of output. The company chairman package with the company displayed at the huge wind turbine wheel group, told reporters that the largest companies can now do two-megawatt wind power unit of the wheel, but to achieve the mass production. Preparation is now 2.5 MW and 3 MW. If this production to 100,000 tons, we will be the world’s wind power industry casting well-deserved lead.
Regional construction industry focused on the development of the next step
Zhang Bo told reporters, according to incomplete statistics, at present, the foundry industry has hundreds of industrial clustering, the collective appearance at the show by including Shanghai, Tianjin, Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan, Liaoning, Botou, Anhui Ningguo, more than 10 local outreach mission, the number and scale over the past shows that the Chinese foundry industry’s regional construction boom. China has just received a plaque cast iron base of the 18 cast iron enterprises are also the first joint exhibition. They said that they will take this opportunity to focus on the needs of casting enterprises, enhance research and development capabilities, improve product quality, while the full implementation of national energy consumption and environmental emissions reduction policies, to serve for casting enterprises.
According to the Secretary-General Zhu Botou Casting Association, the Association for the lead in local organizations, Botou exhibitors have seven enterprises, businesses reflect the good effect, has reached more than 60 cooperation intention. In addition, Botou City vice mayor also led to the local Bureau, Bureau of Commerce and other relevant departments in charge of the 13 people, more than 100 local business representatives will visit to learn.
He said that Botou is the history of our country’s three major foundry town, has 1,300 years of history, there are currently more than 700 casting enterprises, is the local pillar industries. Botou the past to produce export-based art castings, is now being machine tools, automobile and other machinery castings transfer. I wish the Secretary-General said that the next step they will cast Concorde in China with the help of industry experts properly formulate medium and long-term development plan, adjust the product structure, increase the share of high-end products, companies will also integrate and eliminate backward and further enhance concentration , The leading backbone enterprises bigger and stronger. Hope that the near future Botou casting with a new look to show people.

ruyi iron casting Foundry employees conduct quality control tests from the start of the production process to the completion of the casting process.

Sand Lab
Before we use green sand for mold development, we test it in our sand lab for strength characteristics and compactability from the start.

Metals Lab
We conduct a variety of tests in our Metals lab during production and the testing results are then reported to our Gray Iron Casting customers.

Metals lab testing services we provide include:

Evaluating the molecular structure of a casting section using a Unitron MEC 8484 stereomicroscope.
Evaluating the thickness of casting walls by measuring and verifying the thickness using a Kraut-Kramer DML-4 ultrasonic thickness gauge.
Verifying the tensile strength of the casting using a Detroit tensile strength test machine to perform mechanical performance tests.
Verify the chemical composition of the die casting using spectrometer.
Shop Floor
ruyi Foundry personnel conduct a number of tests on the shop floor during production and the testing results are then reported to our Gray Iron casting customers.

Shop floor testing services include:

Hardness testing using a Tinius Olsen Brinell variable load hardness test machine,
Pyrometric testing using an Ircon optical pyrometer located at the Disamatic molding machine to measure and verify the temperature of the molten Gray Iron being cast, and
Mold hardness testing using a Dietert Mold hardness tester to ensure the molds have hardened enough to accept the molten Gray Iron and not deform.

A few days ago, from a relevant department was informed that: Jinnan District Dazhan Valve Plant, and other seven companies were the Ministry of Agriculture, the Global Environment Facility, the United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Industrial Development Organization has granted "township enterprises in China energy-saving and greenhouse gas emission reduction projects" Show business title. Energy conservation and the implementation of emission reduction projects show, to effectively promote the work of local energy-saving technical transformation of emission reduction, promote the sustainable development of enterprises. The industrial outskirts of the city began a comprehensive energy-saving emission reduction battle.

It is understood that the Global Environment Fund, China’s Ministry of die casitng Agriculture, the United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Industrial Development Organization in China jointly organized the implementation of the "Chinese township enterprises in energy conservation and greenhouse gas emission reduction projects." Jinnan District 7 are casting processes of industrial enterprises included in the "Chinese township enterprises in energy conservation and greenhouse gas emission reduction projects" plan. 7 companies were received 10,000 U.S. dollars to support the project funds and the Central Government to give 50,000 yuan of funds energy-saving technological transformation, energy-saving technological transformation of the emission reduction achieved remarkable results. 7 Biaomei enterprises, saving 850 tons, more than 2,100 tons of carbon dioxide emission reduction, the average corporate rate of 16.7 percent energy saving, technological transformation before and after the rejection rate decreased 3.4 percent.

2008, the city will be more deeply implement the provisions relating to the work of energy conservation, energy-saving emission reduction as the promotion of scientific development of Kit, promote industrial development in rural areas and construction of the organic unity of ecological civilization, lay a good energy-saving emission reduction battle, protracted war, to speed up Formed to conserve energy resources and protect the ecological environment of the industrial structure and the mode of growth, consumption patterns.

Casting often use a variety of metal materials, coke, wood, plastic, gas and liquid fuels, such as modeling materials. Have the necessary equipment used in various metal smelting furnace, a Mixer with the various Mixer, a shape-made batteries used in various molding machine, machine-made batteries, cleaning up the castings used for loading sand, Shot Blasting Machine And so on. Casting is also available for special machinery and equipment, and many transportation and material handling equipment.

Casting and other technology have different characteristics, mainly wide adaptability, needed materials and equipment, pollution of the environment. Casting will have dust and harmful gases and noise pollution to the environment, compared to other machinery manufacturing processes to become more serious, need to take measures to control.

aluminum die Casting product development requirements of the trend is casting a better overall performance, higher accuracy and less headroom and clean the surface. In addition, the requirements of energy-saving society and restore the natural environment of the call also getting higher and higher. To meet these requirements, the new cast alloy will be developed, the new smelting technology and new equipment will be corresponding.

die Casting the mechanized production continuously improve the degree of automation in the same time, to be more flexible production development, to expand the volume and variety of different production adaptability. Conserve energy and raw materials of new technologies will be giving priority to the development, have little or no pollution of the new equipment, new technology will be the first attention. Quality control technology in all stages of testing and nondestructive testing, stress determination, there will be new development.

Die casting is a method of casting. Forging is a die-casting process in a dedicated die-casting machine on the completion of the forging process. The basic process is: first liquid metal casting low-speed or high-speed filling into the cavity of the mold, a mold cavity of the activities, which along with liquid metal cooling process of forging pressure, not only to eliminate the shrinkage of rough Shrinkage Defects, but also to achieve the internal organization of rough forging state of broken grains. The mechanical properties of rough significantly improved. In addition, the technology produced by the rough, the surface finish to seven (Ra1.6), such as cold extrusion process or machining from the surface, a metallic luster. Therefore, we will be casting forging process known as the “ultimate forming process,” than the “no cutting and less cushion forming process” has taken one step further. There is also a die-casting forging advantage of features, in addition to the traditional casting production materials, it also can be used deformation alloy, forging alloy to produce a very complicated structure of the parts. These alloys brands include: hard aluminum super-hard aluminum alloy, aluminum forging, such as LY11, LY12, 6061,6063, LYC, LD, etc.). These materials tensile strength than ordinary casting alloys nearly doubled, aluminum car wheels, trailers, and so hope to use a higher intensity of impact resistant material production of components, have a more positive significance.

I. Introduction pressure die casting foundry as die-casting, is a liquid alloy will melt into the indoor pressure, high-speed steel mold cavity filling, and alloy liquid under pressure and the solidification of a casting method of casting. Die-casting method different from the other casting is the main characteristics of high-voltage and high-speed. ① liquid metal is under pressure filling the cavity, and at a higher pressure crystallization of solidification, the pressure for the common 15-100 MPa. ② liquid metal at high speed filling cavity, usually in the 10-50 m / s, and some can be more than 80 meters / second (cavity through the gate into the line speed - speed in the gate), the liquid metal Filling the very short time, about 0.01-0.2 seconds (depending on the size of different casting) to fill the cavity. Die-casting machine, die-casting alloy die-casting and casting molds are the three elements of production, one can not do. The so-called die-casting process is organic these three elements to be integrated use of so that it can have steady rhythm and efficiently produce the appearance of good internal quality, size or design of the agreement in line with the requirements of qualified castings, and even high-quality castings. 1, die-casting machines (1) the classification of die casting machine die casting machine press room heated conditions can be divided into the room and pressing cold press room two categories. And the press room and placed the location of different molds, cold chamber die-casting machines can be divided into vertical, horizontal and vertical all three forms of die casting machine.

Die casting alloys are normally non-ferrous, and there is a large number available with a wide range of physical and mechanical properties covering almost every conceivable application a designer might require.

Aluminum and zinc alloys are the most widely used, and are followed by magnesium, zinc-aluminum (AZ) alloys, copper, tin and lead.

Zinc, lead and tin based alloys are classified as low melting point metals, all melting at less than 725oF (385oC). Zinc-aluminum (ZA) alloys have a slightly higher melting range of 800oF to 900oF (426oC to 482oC). Aluminum and magnesium alloys are considered to be moderate melting point alloys, being cast in the 1150oF to 1300oF (621oC to 704oC) range. Copper alloys are considered to be high melting pint, over 1650oF (899oC). Low melting point alloys are cast in hot chamber machines. Intermediate and high melting point alloys are cast in cold chamber machines. In recent years, specially designed hot chamber machines for die casting magnesium alloys have come into use.